A Long Term Supervision Sex Offender - 1230 Words

Community supervision plans are an important part of offender rehabilitation and community safety. This report will concentrate on a long term-supervision sex offender. Outlined is his past and current criminal history, dynamic factors such as; employment, family, social interactions, substance abuse, community functioning, emotional orientation and attitude. Also outlined will is his community supervision plan. Offender and past criminal history Micheal Victor is a 54 year old Caucasian male native from Quebec. At the age of 11 he was placed in his first foster home and his criminal activity began there. At the age of 13 he was held in custody at St-Vallier for breaking and entering, in 1972 he was accused but never convicted of sexual interference with his 15 year old sister and was sent to a workshop for youth with mental health disorders, he was released at the age of 18 and admitted to the hospital. At the age of 20 he served his first federal sentence of three years and six months for failure to comply with conditions for his 1975 theft and three counts of break and enter. In 1985 he was convicted of two separate thefts of under 200$. At the age of 37 Mrs. Victor was accused of fondling a young boy, although he denied all accusations he was convicted and received a 3 years probation following a suspended sentence. In 1995 he was once again convicted of foundling a young boy and received 6 months and 3 years probation. I n 1996 he was convicted and sentenced 4 yearsShow MoreRelatedResponse Paper On Sexual Offenders1653 Words   |  7 PagesSexual offenders refer to sexual acts against a victim’s will and includes a wide range of behaviors ranging from exposing oneself in a public place to rape. Probation and parole officers have the difficult task of working with sexual offenders and trying to help them during their rehabilitation process. From researching different sources, I have concluded that risk assessment, treatment, supervision, and restrictions/registration have effectively helped by working with sexual offenders in the communityRead MoreAb109 Paper949 Words   |  4 Pagesnonviolent, non-serious, and non-sex offender to serve their sentence in county jails instead of state prison. This goes to probation when the can use different methods to monitor offenders. Offenders are out in the street again and police department have to monitor more offender in most cases offender usually a re repeat offenders. Assembly bill 109 is giving offenders a second chance to be working citizen again, but the reality is that offenders or not in jail or prisons long enough to change his or herRead MoreThe United States Legal, Inc. ( 1997-2016 ) History Essay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesoriginated from the French word â€Å"parole†, which means â€Å"word of honor†. It was a reference to prisoners of war promising not to take up arms in current conflict if released. How that concept came after the early release of convicted, often violent, offenders is less clear. The first official documented official use of early release from prison in the United States is credited to Samuel G. Howe in Boston (1847), but before that, other programs using pardons achieved basically the same outcome. In 1938Read MoreRehabilitation of Sex Offenders1113 Words   |  5 PagesGarcà ­a-Leà ³n and Egan (2012), sex offenders are twice as likely to report being sexually, emotionally, or p hysically abused as a child in comparison to other offenders. There are also other factors besides abuse that must be taken into consideration. A recent study on female sex offenders by Roe-Sepowitz and Krysik (2008) states, â€Å"the data reveal that many of the 118 female juvenile sex offenders came from chaotic and disorganized families and had poor parental supervision and serious school and mentalRead MoreThe Public Safety Canada1549 Words   |  7 Pagesthere were over 500 offenders who received special designations and who were serving an indeterminate sentence, twenty-one offenders were serving both a life sentence and an indeterminate sentence. More than 95 percent of dangerous offenders were held in custody, while close to four percent of dangerous offenders were released back to the community but under the supervision. Moreover, twelve out of twenty dangerous sexual offenders remained in custody while three Habitual Offenders were released backRead MorePublic Health Iss ues Are Concerns On How To Protect The1749 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on the medical orientation and preventive concerns of the victims rather than the offenders. The public health professionals may care less for the offenders if the victim does not get hurt or injuries are involved. One matter that may surprise public health professionals is when criminal justice officials switch attention from a victim to their offender. Once the injuries are bean identify, then the offender in concluded, and the information obtained is file, the criminal justice personal startRead MoreSexual Abuse Agains the Elderly1557 Words   |  7 PagesOverview: As of 2010, 13% of the United States population was 65 years of age or older (National Center on Elder Abuse, 2014). Men and women today are living longer and want to remain in their own homes as long as they possibly can, rather than reside in a nursing home or an assisted living facility. In order for these men and women to remain at home, they need support and resources, as there are a number of different types of abuse against elderly men and women. These types of abuse including physicalRead MoreSex Offenders And Gps :880 Words   |  4 PagesSex Offenders and GPS Tethering Summary: Sex offenders that were convicted, but not incarcerated are released back into the community. They have many hurdles to jump in order to prove the authority and even their neighbors that they have changed and will not reoffend. There are numerous limitations and controls for such offenders, and a few of them are GPS tethers, residence and employment restrictions, and regular mandatory registrations. Many of these policies were implemented after horrific eventsRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The United States1092 Words   |  5 Pagesprisoners. The Department of Corrections allows the safety of the community by performing safe and secure facilities which keeps the prisoners and offenders under control. In prison there are wide facilities are available for offenders and prisoners such as medical treatment, educational and vocational programs. These programs are there to help the offenders become better citizens. Corrections are providing the services to each state now for centuries. Every state has its own history of corrections,Read MorePunishment vs Rehabilitation1678 Words   |  7 PagesWicker    Punishment versus Rehabilitation, there has been many debates on the effectiveness of punishment compared to the effectiveness of rehabilitation of convicted offenders in prison and under community supervision. Punishment is defined as a penalty that is imposed on an individual for doing something wrong. The term rehabilitation is defined as a way to help somebody to return to good health or a normal life by providing training or therapy (StudyMode). If an individual commits a crime

Not Many People Can Write A Proposal Consisting Of Three

Not many people can write a proposal consisting of three thousand three hundred and seventy-six words in which political and economic issues are discussed and given a solution in such a serious yet sarcastic tone, but this is exactly what Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal does. Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland to British parents and as result of this, he yearned to get as far away as he could from the Irish. After he was ordained into the Church of Ireland in 1964, he was exposed to the lives of the poor population. He could not have guessed that in a few years, he would write one of the most political satire pieces in history. A Modest Proposal is so iconic because of its unique tone, the in-depth discussion of the blatant abuse of†¦show more content†¦Swift proposes that â€Å"instead of being a charge upon their parents, or the parish, or wanting food and raiment for the rest of their lives, they shall†¦contribute to the feeding, and partly to the clothin g of many thousands (Schilb Clifford, 2014, p. 64).† According to the research done by Dr. Jonathan Swift, children deplete resources and money like a sponge absorbs water once they are two years old. As a result, the infants should be fattened up during their first year in this world and then sold for profit. Swift’s plan kills two birds with one stone. Overpopulation will be an issue no longer, and by selling the children to the upper class, Ireland’s economy will be booming. The structure of this argument is so compelling that many readers automatically agree with the mass slaughter of thousands of innocent children. If the author had not used such an authoritative tone full of conviction, the reader would have automatically disregarded the immoral proposition to open a market for the consumption of children. Throughout his proposal, Swift included an abundance of satire, which becomes blatantly obvious once the mirage of an informative solution fades. In con clusion, A Modest Proposal presented readers with a far-fetched idea comprised of nonexistent statistics delivered in a convincing, authoritative tone that made the slaughter of thousands of innocent infantsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Salary Cap1365 Words   |  6 Pagesshow the complex nature of this, using a power point presentation was the only way. The other, the free market approach, would be translated easily into the college game. Due to being easier to understand, a paper appealing to the emotional side of people was the best choice. The logistics of the salary cap approach are much more complex than those of the free market. For the salary cap I chose to do a power point presentation to provide a more in depth look into the inner workings of the systemRead MoreInformative Speech : Psychoactive Drugs Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagestoo extra to the discussion at hand. Specifically, the phrase â€Å"ADHD or just boredom† was included, however, the usage of the word boredom felt rather redundant. An additional revision was the visual aspect of the final brochure. My brochure included three columns that were double sided containing my content and pictorial visuals. Unfortunately, the formatting was off so when fully closed and put together, some of the words overlapped or crossed over into the wrong column. Continuing with the visualRead MoreInterpretations of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal1635 Words   |  7 PagesIn the midst of the greatest depression in the history of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt and his committees drafted The New Deal, consisting of policies which they hope d would help all declining facets of the nation at the time. The American people needed to heed a promising leader that would set plans to end the depression, a change from president Hoover who seemed to have no set plan for foe dealing with such economic crisis. The New Deal aimed to stimulate the economy, create jobs,Read MoreSpecial Economic Zones (Sez) in India.2303 Words   |  10 Pages(Gujarat), Chennai (Tamil Nadu), Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh), Falta and Salt Lake (West Bengal), Noida (Uttar Pradesh), Indore (Madhya Pradesh), Jaipur (Rajasthan), etc.   Attractive incentive and great investment opportunities have attractive many business tycoons to step into the SEZ all over the country. The first step was taken by the Mahindra World City at Chennai. The SEZ was promoted by Mahindra Mahindra Ltd and later on by the Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation. MahindraRead MoreHow to Write a Business Report Essay18530 Words   |  75 PagesReports and proposals After reading this chapter you should be able to: †¢ Explain the differences and similarities between formats, types or sub-genres of reports †¢ Explain the differences and similarities between reports and essays †¢ Explain why documents need to contain an appropriate balance of information and persuasion †¢ Demonstrate competence in writing a longer, analytical research report †¢ Explain the differences between reports and submissions, proposals and tenders So you’ve got toRead MoreEssay about Which EU institution is the most powerful?2871 Words   |  12 Pagescurrently made up of 25 countries, known as Member States, which together form the largest voluntary and peaceful block of countries in the world. Many people mistakenly view the European Union as a single body whilst in fact; the EU consists of a number of different institutions that together carry out activities on behalf of the Member States. There are many institutions but the main five being the Commission, the Council of Ministers (also called the Council of the European Union), the EuropeanRead MoreAssessment of the Security of My Companys Computer System2251 Words   |  9 Pages4.1. System Function The US_Server system maintains information on the US Country Shoes agreements, proposals for services, earnings, and tender information. 4.2. System Environment The US_Server system environment is a client/server environment consisting of an Oracle Database. US_Server contains production data files, application codes, and executables. The production data files, consisting of stored procedures and tables, reside on an EMC Storage area network (SAN) attached to an IBM Blasà ©Read MoreThe U.S. National Debt and Selected Reduction Plans and Interest Group Positions2037 Words   |  9 PagesFifteen trillion three hundred and fifty-six billion one hundred and forty million dollars was the measure of the public debt at last count in January 2012 (The Bureau of Public Debt). Even at the current higher-than-average national average gas price of $3.51 that could buy more than four trillion gallons of gas (Pankratz). That’s enough gasoline to drive a Hummer H2 around the equator of the Earth one hundred and seventy-five million times. It is also 31 times the U.S. yearly consumption of gasoline(URead MoreA Successful Business Leadership Style2 658 Words   |  11 PagesThe ultimate aim of this research is to highlight a successful business leadership style. The intention is to research business leadership in the developing countries, and devise a new framework or strategy that can be used by businesses and education systems within developing countries and possibly other Asian countries. This framework would identify the qualities necessary to develop an appropriate leadership style to be an effective leader in organisations operating. This will be achieved byRead Moreproject topic proposal15745 Words   |  63 Pagesï » ¿ APPLIED â€Å"RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL† HANDBOOK A Guide for Students in the Business Leadership Program Leading to the Bachelor of Science in Organizational Management  ©2008 Nyack College Nyack, NY 10960 NYACK COLLEGE Michael Scales, Ed.D. President SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND LEADERSHIP Anita Underwood Dean BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT Copyright 1991, 1998,

Speech notes Free Essays

Some speeches may, in fact, last those agonizing 52 minutes; however, some speeches last only moments. Remember when the dean of your college got up to Introduce the speaker? That was a speech, too. I’m sure that one was much more brief. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are three mall types of speeches that you likely see on a regular basis. Let’s take a look at each of those speeches now. Informative Speeches Imagine sitting in the audience of a large lecture hall listening to your professor talk about the theory of relativity. It may sound like confusing words to many, but what he is really doing is giving an informational speech. This kind of speech is delivered mostly to convey information to the audience about something they don’t already now. There are a few types of informational speeches: Speeches about objects Speeches about events Speeches about processes Speeches about concepts When a public speaker talks about things that can inspire your senses, like touch, smell or feel, it is a speech about objects and involves talking about things in the sensory and physical world. Maybe he is talking about the way a spider looks or the way freshly snipped herbs smell. It may even be a speech about your favorite president. Either way, the speech is written to appeal to the senses. Some speeches are written to inform people of a current or past happening. This Is a speech about an event, and it is meant to bring people up to speed on things that have, are or will be going on in the world. Upon taking the presidential oath, a newly elected president will give his Inaugural Address, where he tells the citizens of the united States his plans for his term. This speech Is done to get the nation excited about the prospect of a new president. A cooking demonstration Is a good example of a speech about processes because It instructs the audience on how to do something through a process. So, the next time you happen to pass a gourmet store and see a chef showing onlookers how to make manmade pasta, know you are listening to a speech designed to show you how to do something step by step. To talk. Some are speeches about concepts, written about theoretical ideas and notions, like world peace, freedom or love. Unlike the other types of informative speeches, this type of speech is intangible. As with any of the informative speeches, they should be written as topical (or by topic), chronological (or by date) or spatial (or how things physically fit together). A writer may use a topical organization if writing about types of wines. The writer may start with a wine type, then go into region and then grape varieties. Chronological organization would most likely be used when writing about an event, such as events that led up to the Civil Rights Act. When writing about things to do in Miami Beach, a writer may break down the area to a few important sightseeing locales and then list important places of interest for each. Not all speeches are informative. For instance, persuasive speech writing is a little different. Persuasive Speech So, you get roped into attending a How To Get Rich in Real Estate seminar. After a few minutes, you realize that the lecture is less about real estate and more about buying he speaker’s set of CDC and books on tape. Likely, this was a persuasive speech, and it is designed to change a group’s thinking or behavior. This type of speech is often used in sales and advertising to get people to buy things. A persuasive speech could be an emotional appeal, where the speaker attempts to elicit sensitivity from the group, or it could be a logical appeal, where the speaker wants the audience to rely on their own reasoning to make a decision. A speech about hunger in America may pull at your heartstrings and make you quickly dial a number to send money. That is a purely emotional decision based on the persuasive talk of the speaker. Choosing a good acne cream based on product facts and before and after visuals might muster up some attention because the audience is asked to use logic to decide whether the product works. If the visuals show a clearer face after use, soundness may say the product is good. Of course, some speeches are not meant to change anything. They are mostly Just for fun, and that is when special occasion speeches are used. Special Occasion Speech So, you’re the best man at your friend’s wedding. That means you have to arrange the bachelor party, buy a tuxedo and worst of all -give a speech. With a lump in your throat and a shaky hand, you begin talking. What you are doing is giving a special occasion speech, and it is generally done to toast a celebration or commemorate some special event. This type of speech usually does not require major research, and there is no formal style of execution. It is done as a means of rejoicing at a fun event. The only rule to a festive get together, keep it brief, and the audience will most likely refrain from throwing things at you. How to cite Speech notes, Papers

Globalization and international social work - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Globalization and international social work. Answer: Introduction Globalisation is the process by which all the communities and the people come together to experience an increasingly common social, economic and cultural environment (Beck, 2015). The report includes the description which shows how globalization one of the contextual factors can improve the business idea of Ecological Aids Pty Ltd. Further, the paper includes the capitalizing on the potential benefits and challenges that are associated with globalization. Ecological Aids Pty Ltd will be providing green services to the customers who would save the environment. The company provides the guidelines to the customers for the effective use of the resource that helps in generating the sustainability. To improve the business idea of Ecological Aids Pty Ltd the company can make use of globalization as a contextual factor. Globalisation Globalisation refers to as the free movement of the goods, service, and people globally in a seamless and integrated manner (Management Study Guide, 2017). The spread of globalization is increasing and maximum numbers of companies are making use of this factor to expand their products and services in other markets (Crane Matten, 2016). The whole world is affected due to the changes that are taking place related to the resources and environment. The service provided by the Ecological Aids Pty Ltd is unique and essential because there are many countries that are facing the problems of the increased pollution level and wastage of resources at large scale. The resources available across the world are limited and threatened by pollution and consumption patterns of people globally. Each and every people are contributing to the environmental degradation (International Federation of Social Workers, 2012). The company can help in resolving the problems that can affect the present and future. It is essential for the company to globalize their service of generating awareness about the use of the energy and resources because this is the only way to generate the sustainable resources and energy. Potential opportunities In the initial stage, the company is trying to capture 20% of the industry but the company is going to increase its size to 40% because the industry is growing rapidly in the current scenario. Globalization is offering a platform to many companies in order to expand the business. Similarly, Ecological Aids Pty Ltd can make use of this platform to generate the awareness about their services. Expansion in different markets The company will be having an opportunity to expand the business in other countries like Asia and America because these countries are facing the problem of the increased level of pollution. In this condition, the company will be able to offer its services to a maximum number of customers. The company will be able to form the customer base in the countries of Asia and America (Analysis of environment, industry and SWOT analysis, 2017). Ecological Aids Pty Ltd will contribute to improve the environmental conditions and promote sustainability. The sustainability of resources and energy will bring the development of the country in the near future (WIRE, 2017). The expansion of business in countries of Asia will be beneficial for the company because some of the countries in Asia are dealing with the economic factors which include inflation and scarcity of jobs. Improvement in Skills of Employees The main asset of the company will be skilled employees of the company who will contribute in generating the awareness. The company will be able to get the skilled and knowledgeable employees in different countries where they will expand the business. The culture of the different countries will help the company in generating the diverse skills of the employees (Dancygier Walter, 2015). Skilled employees will work effectively and enhance the business idea of the company. Skilled employees are going to help the company in facing the competitor and in making a competitive advantage. Increase in market share Globalisation will open a way for the company to generate the awareness about the effective use of the resources and energy that is essential in the present scenario. The customer and business will get an opportunity to select the suitable sustainability services that are created to reduce the energy cost and environmental footprints (Porter Heppelmann, 2015). People will get to know that not only they will be able to generate the sustainability but they will be able to save money. Ecological Aids Pty Ltd will be able to make the place in the mind and heart of the customers after generating the awareness and this result in the increase in the market share of the company which helps in enhancing more customers. Currently, in Australia, the market share is acquired by the Green Movers Australia. Green Movers is a competitor of Ecological Aids Pty Ltd and going to give strong competition because the company is also having the operations in other countries which shows that the company i s making use of platform provided by globalization. Strong Political terms The company will get an opportunity to show the ways which they are using to bring the changes in the country and maintaining a sustainable environment. The company will form the good terms with the government as they have the similarly in their objective. Both work to maintain the sustainable environment in the country. The government forms the policies and regulations related to environmental protection and resources conservations. The company will be having the good connection with the government which will be essential to improve the business idea and structure of the company (Altru-Energy, 2010). Potential Challenges The platform of globalization not only provides the potential opportunity but also leads to some of the challenges. Similarly, Ecological Aids Pty Ltd will also face some of the challenges which are discussed below: - Legal factors The legal factors include the laws and regulations introduced by the government on particular industry or sector. The company will find the risk of changes in the policies and regulations by the government related to the environment. The changes in the legislation will affect the expansion of the business in other countries (Payne Askeland, 2016). Climate and environmental changes The climate change will be one of the factors that will create the impact on the resource conservation and will be a huddle for Ecological Aids Pty Ltd. The shifting in the weather patterns and the variations in climate might affect the resources of the country. Environmental hazards include storms, tsunami, and earthquakes which lead to the major damage to the water, air and land resources (Long, 2014). The company will try to offer resource conservation facilities which get affected due to the climate and environmental changes and create the impact on the strategies of the company. Getting support from the customers The company will find lack of support from the customers across the world. Different countries have different cultural values which they dont want to change or upgrade which might affect the working of the company in those countries. Sustainable energy or resource conservation is important for every country and each country make use of different ways to maintain that in their country (Reason, Lvlie Flu, 2015). The Ecological Aids Pty Ltd will find a problem in convincing the customer for making the use of the services that they are offering. Along with that, the company will find it challenging to form a customer base or loyal customers. Loyal customers will help Ecological Aids Pty Ltd in making the position in the market. Recommendations The company will be able to improve the business idea due to contextual factor. Though, the contextual factor (globalization) can lead to the opportunity and challenges for the company. It will be recommended to the company to make use of the effective marketing or promotional strategies. These promotional strategies will help the company in creating the strong customer base and leads to the loyal customers who are a concern for environmental sustainability. This will help the company to tackle the challenge. Climate and environmental changes will also affect the services of the company. Ecological Aids Pty Ltd should try to reduce the impact of these changes. Conclusion It can be concluded from the report that the Ecological Aids Pty Ltd will be having the potential opportunities that are associated with the globalization factor. This factor will help the Ecological Aids Pty Ltd in improving the business idea. Though, the company will also face some of the potential challenges that are associated with the contextual factor. These potential benefits and challenges will affect the strategies and structure of the company. At the end, the report includes the recommendation for the company. References Altru-Energy. (2010). PEST ANALYSIS Solar Energy Sector in Australia. Viewed on 9th January 2018, https://altru-energy.com/2010/02/17/pest-analysis-solar-energy-sector-in-australia/ Analysis of environment, industry and SWOT analysis. (2017). Free Essays - PhDessay.com. Viewed on 9th January 2018, https://phdessay.com/analysis-of-environment-industry-and-swot-analysis/ Beck, U. (2015).What is globalization?. John Wiley Sons. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Dancygier, R. M., Walter, S. (2015). Globalization, labor market risks, and class cleavages. International Federation of Social Workers. (2012). Globalisation and the environment. Viewed on 9th January 2018, https://ifsw.org/policies/globalisation-and-the-environment/ Long, T. (2014). Climate change and its effects on natural resources. Viewed on 9th January 2018, https://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/climate_change_and_its_effects_on_natural_resources Management Study Guide. (2017). What is Globalization ? - Meaning and its Importance. Viewed on 9th January 2018, https://www.managementstudyguide.com/what-is-globalization.htm Payne, M., Askeland, G. A. (2016).Globalization and international social work: Postmodern change and challenge. Routledge. Porter, M. E., Heppelmann, J. E. (2015). How smart, connected products are transforming companies.Harvard Business Review,93(10), 96-114. Reason, B., Lvlie, L., Flu, M. B. (2015).Service design for business: A practical guide to optimizing the customer experience. John Wiley Sons. WIRE, B. (2017). Research and Markets: PEST ANALYSIS - Renewable Energy Sector in Canada. Viewed on 9th January 2018, https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100223006187/en/Research-Markets-PEST-ANALYSIS---Renewable-Energy

Worlds Fair Crystla Palace Essays - Exhibitions, Worlds Fair

World's Fair Crystla Palace During the 1800's Great Britain's empire stretched around the world, and with raw materials easily available to them this way, they inevitably began refining and manufacturing all stages of many new machines and other goods, distributing locally and globally. However, despite being the central ?workshop of the world,' Britain was not producing the highest quality of merchandise. When comparing factory-made products made in England to surrounding countries, most notably France, those products could not compare as far as craftsmanship and sometimes, simply innovation. It was suggested by Cole and supported by Prince Albert that England host a sort of free-for-all technological exposition to bring in outside crafts into the country. These planners supported free trade, thinking that if local business was exposed to foreign-made goods, they could incorporate those new ideas into their own goods, increasing their worth. Though originally intending to invite only neighboring countries to this exposition, the plan soon escalated to include the global environment. As organization and sponsorship was planned out, the matter of where to host such a large and ongoing event arose. Ideally, it was to take place in London, to sort of show off the best of the country and impress in-coming visitors. The problem was that London was already built up and filled in, and little open space remained for the needed time period. It was decided soon that a portion of Hyde Park would provide the needed location, so it looked as though the problem of a site had been solved. However, there were many opposers to the plan. In general, foreign imports coming in such great quantities could undermine British industry. More specifically, the site itself was questioned. Though the park offered enough space, the British were very protective of their parks, and thought that the fair would lower property values of the highest portion of town, as well as permanently ?disfigure? the natural area. Amongst the criticisms, the committee still had to plan a structure to hold the event. Most ideas involved a long, one-story building made of brick. The problem was that it looked far too solid and difficult to remove later - not to mention that it probably could not be built in time. Further debate and redraftings didn't help speed the project along, either. Paxton submitted his idea late in the game, but was almost instantly adopted. It was so cost-effective, the fair's planning committee had to accept his proposal. The overall design resembled a greenhouse, as he had grown up planning gardens. This was the first building to use glass as a primary material, and while it solved the concern of proper lighting needed, it was a bit of surprise to most people because it was considered unsafe. Plus, a tax had recently been placed on the material, so the amounts needed were questionable. However, the plan was embraced by the contractors, mostly on the merit that the sections of the building were all pre-fabricated modules, able to be built anywhere. Then, the portions would be shipped to the park's site and installed to the base already formed there. The speed of the erection amazed many people. Paxton wanted people to even let people in free once the exposition officially opened, but these idea was not even considered by anyone but him. He valued invention over beauty, but tried to show that invention could even redefine aesthetics. The plan apparently worked, and the media dubbed the building, ?The Crystal Palace.? Arts and Painting

Free Essays on Causal Argument

We as a nation have finally called Saddam Hussein’s bluff, and are currently attacking Iraq on all fronts: covert operations from the north, a more standardized ground warfare from the south, and bombings of major cities and palaces throughout the country. Secretary of State Colin Powell and President George W. Bush have been pleading their case to the United Nations for several months, hoping to ease political tensions in regards to our nation’s goal of removing Saddam Hussein from power and ultimately disarming Iraq of their weapons of mass destruction. Major television networks are flooding our screens with video footage of missiles striking Iraqi targets, shattering Presidential Palaces, and bombarding Iraqi military positions. Iraq is responding to the Coalition offensive strikes as best it can; Saddam is encouraging his troops to fight vigilantly, that Iraq is positioned to successfully repel the Coalition forces. Of course our nation, with the help of other Coalition forces, is overpowering Saddam’s military and are accomplishing its military initiatives without much resistance from the opposition. Iraq, however, is using the Aljazeer network to broadcast footage of American Prisoners of War being tortured and killed to inspire its people to stay committed to the defeat of the United States. President Bush has been telling the American people for months that Iraq is a major threat to our homeland security and is guilty of committing heinous crimes against humanity on his own people. He claims that they are attempting to develop nuclear weapons capabilities and already have the technology needed to produce biological and chemical weapons such as Anthrax and Small Pox. President Bush has stated repeatedly that Saddam must be removed from power in order for United States citizens to be safe from terrorism and Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. It seems that President Bush simply added right before we went to war tha... Free Essays on Causal Argument Free Essays on Causal Argument We as a nation have finally called Saddam Hussein’s bluff, and are currently attacking Iraq on all fronts: covert operations from the north, a more standardized ground warfare from the south, and bombings of major cities and palaces throughout the country. Secretary of State Colin Powell and President George W. Bush have been pleading their case to the United Nations for several months, hoping to ease political tensions in regards to our nation’s goal of removing Saddam Hussein from power and ultimately disarming Iraq of their weapons of mass destruction. Major television networks are flooding our screens with video footage of missiles striking Iraqi targets, shattering Presidential Palaces, and bombarding Iraqi military positions. Iraq is responding to the Coalition offensive strikes as best it can; Saddam is encouraging his troops to fight vigilantly, that Iraq is positioned to successfully repel the Coalition forces. Of course our nation, with the help of other Coalition forces, is overpowering Saddam’s military and are accomplishing its military initiatives without much resistance from the opposition. Iraq, however, is using the Aljazeer network to broadcast footage of American Prisoners of War being tortured and killed to inspire its people to stay committed to the defeat of the United States. President Bush has been telling the American people for months that Iraq is a major threat to our homeland security and is guilty of committing heinous crimes against humanity on his own people. He claims that they are attempting to develop nuclear weapons capabilities and already have the technology needed to produce biological and chemical weapons such as Anthrax and Small Pox. President Bush has stated repeatedly that Saddam must be removed from power in order for United States citizens to be safe from terrorism and Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. It seems that President Bush simply added right before we went to war tha...

It is up to you Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

It is up to you - Research Paper Example Why is this still existing? Are women incompetent or what? This paper aims at explaining the existence of glass ceiling at workplace in our society despite the enormous efforts towards creating equality. There are a lot of reasons why we have few women in leadership roles. First, women don’t devote more of their time to their career. A lot of men spend a considerable time on their careers. This is not the case with women. They are more family oriented than work oriented. A man, in the workplace, always dreams or receiving promotions and rising up ranks of leadership. That is not the case with women. They have family oriented mindsets which rotate around their homeplace issues. Even though a woman may be liking the kind of the leadership role she is serving, she will like to spend some of her time with her family. Women feel happy being near their children and nurturing them up. They always prefer a work/family balance which reduces their time devoted to their careers (Byron, 2005). As an employer, be sure I will prefer men for leadership responsibilities because of their readiness to work for long hours. A leader who shows value for their job is likely to be entrusted with le adership responsibilities. This feature is common with men than women hence the reason behind existence of glass ceiling. Secondly, the issue of less experience due to childbearing and childrearing with women hinder them from acquiring leadership roles. Married women are bound to get pregnant at some point in their lives. Assume that we have a very competent woman who we have just entrusted with leadership responsibilities in our organization. She falls pregnant, and we are forced to grant her maternity leave. In her absence, we need a new leader. We will be forced replace her with a competent individual to lead us. She may take long to return from her leave. Her experience will be limited by her absence in this role. Upon returning, we may not re-instate

Ethics of the Sale of Body Parts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Ethics of the Sale of Body Parts - Essay Example These laws prohibit the sale of body organs but allow individuals to voluntarily donate their body organs (parts). The Uniform and anatomical Act is the most ancient law having been formulated in 1968, to regulate the national distribution and donation of body parts. This act offers individuals an opportunity to voluntarily donate their whole body or part of it, and hospitals and medical institutions have an opportunity to accept such donations (Organ Donation Law, 2012). This law allows citizens of sound mind and who are of legal age to engage in voluntary organ and tissue donation (Organ Donation Law, 2012). According to the law, individual who expect to donate their body parts, must record their intensions most probably in a will (Organ Donation Law, 2012). The donation form should be signed by the potential donor in the presence of two other people. In case the dying patient is unable to write, he or she can indicate his or her intensions orally but in the presence of at least tw o people or; he or she can inform the attending doctor. However, the attending doctor cannot perform the actual organ removal or transplantation of the donated organ. In addition, close family members or guardians have a limited legal mandate to allow their dying patient’s body parts to be donated. ... , research and educational institutions; or individuals who meet all the requirements for receiving the organ or body part(s), the permission to accept donated organs. Ethical issues associated with legalization of the sale of body parts (Phadke & Anadh, 2002). Exploits the poor The legalization of the sale of body parts will lead to situations that exploit the poor. Middlemen involved in the sale of body parts will end up obtaining body parts for sale from unsuspecting poor individuals at a cheaper price. With an increase in the demand for body parts, such middle men may end up selling the body parts at a much higher price. Jeopardizes human dignity The sale of body parts is an act that reduces human dignity. It equates the human body to money. It is morally wrong to exchange human body parts for money. Commercializes the human body Commercialization of the human body is an immoral act. The human life and body are God given and cannot be commercialized. Deters altruism retarding the living-related and cadaver transplant programs The legalization of the sale of body parts will discourage individuals with intentions of donating their body parts to other persons in need. Such individuals may feel discouraged in case they realize that their voluntarily donated body part was commercialized. This will profoundly affect current cadaver transplant programs. Goes against medical professional ethics Medical professional are charged with the responsibility of safeguarding human life. Medical ethics does not allow for the commercialization of the human body. Since the legalization of the sale of body parts will allow its commercialization, it will have gone against the medical code of conduct. Ethical Theories: legalization of the sale of body parts Ethical code of conduct lies

Critical overview of the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Dissertation - 1

Critical overview of the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Saudi Arabia - Dissertation Example The onset of globalization, which is characterized by the drastic integration of international trade into one single market, further underscored this as trade disputes and disagreements between countries emerge with the increase in international commerce. According to Lu, Verheyen and Perera, arbitration has been the most common dispute resolution mechanism today both in the international market and among parties that conduct business with sovereign states that the enforceability of awards has become increasingly important and practical.1 (p. 163-164) According to FINRA, parties may even prefer arbitration than a juridical process because the process is faster and more effective.2 Currently, the multilateral arbitration mechanism that most states are subjected to is the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958 otherwise known as the New York Convention. As of 2009, 142 out of the 192 members of the United Nations signed the convention. The majo rity of global trading organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA) also accede to this convention. It mandates all courts of the ratifying states to enforce and recognize private agreements and â€Å"arbitral awards made in the territory of a State other than the State where the recognition and enforcement of such awards are sought, and arising out of differences between persons, whether physical or legal.†3 Saudi Arabia has been receptive of foreign arbitration awards in the past and rarely elevated disputes to international fora but its courts do not automatically endorse foreign judgments.4 In April 19, 1994, the country signed the convention. Some changes have been effected with regards to enforcement of arbitration awards. When Saudi signed the convention, a royal decree (No. M/11 of 16/7/1414) was released, which provided that recognition and enforcement of foreign awards should be limited to those made in the territory of States, which have also acceded thereto.5 This among other factors such as the persistence of Islamic law and the effects it entail in doing business in the country has made the situation complicated and at times problematic particularly in terms of the enforcement of arbitral awards. This problem would be investigated by this research, with the initial expectation that there are numerous variables that hinder and limit such enforcement particularly in the religious and bureaucratic spheres. 3.0 Scope of the Study In pursuing the research objective, this research would focus on two important conventions that Saudi is party to: the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958 and the Riyadh Convention. These mechanisms would be used as the standards by which arbitration awards enforcement are either successful or a failure exclusively in the Saudi experience. 4.0. Methodology Since this is a descriptive and analytical research, this study will not use models for empirical inquiries. Instead, this researcher will use a combination of ‘black-letter' doctrinal analysis and ‘law in context' approaches. The idea is to capture the complexity of having to discuss the general subject of

Overview Risk Management On Construction Company Construction Essay

Overview Risk Management On Construction Company Construction Essay Rapid industrialisation has brought in its wake several problems. One of them is industrial risk, which is taking newer and newer forms ever. With mechanical, electrical, chemical and radiation hazards besetting the industrial world, the Risks to Life, Limb, Health and Wealth are common in this sphere of economic activity. Risks are present in every corner and under every stone. Industrial risks may arise while handling, storage or because of operational errors and violation of accepted safety procedures. The industry, therefore, has to be always prepared for such eventualities. An industrial risk is the one that may affect several areas within the factory or may cause serious injuries, loss of life, and extensive damage to property and disruption to manufacturing activities. Such risks may occur in any industry in spite of best efforts to prevent them. The suffering and damage as a result of the accident is determined by the potential for loss surrounding the event. However, the ris k can be largely avoided if effective action is taken as per pre-planned and practised procedures, utilising the combined resources of the factory and outside emergency services. The construction industry has changed rapidly over the past ten years and some companies are faced with more risk and uncertainty than before. Clients are more likely to engage in litigation when things go wrong. Risk in construction has been the object of attention because of time and cost overruns associated with construction projects. Risk can be defined as an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on a project objective. As the conclusion, most construction company have to analyses their project to eliminating a specific threat, usually by eliminating the cause. The project management team can never eliminate all risks, but specific risk events can often be eliminated. Other than that, from the analysing, it can reduce the expected monetary value at risk events by reducing the probability of occurrence (e.g., using new technology), reducing the risk event value (e.g., buying insurance), or both. Objective Risk Management on Construction Company Most of consultants help business owners and entrepreneurs develop the business objectives necessary to achieve the organizations service, social, profit and growth goals by interviewing the principal leaders. Talking through the vision for an organization helps the leaders vocalize where they want the organization to go. A business objective provides a specific, measurable, realistic, action-oriented and time sensitive statement that, once achieved, propels the organization closer toward meeting one of its goals. The business goals and objectives form the foundation of its business plan. Business owners can follow the same process on their own to develop workable goals, objectives and actions to help their business succeed. There are 2 objective categories in Construction Company which are short term objective and long term objective. Short-term refers to one-year goals and objectives. For instance, if the goal is to open a real estate business, some short-term objectives include obtaining a realtors license, renting office space and purchasing a computer and MLS subscription. Long-term refers to three to five year goals and objectives. Following the real estate start-up example, these may include sales goals and objectives in terms of number of properties sold or dollars, and opening a second office location. One objective for meeting a sales goal of 24 homes in the second year of business would be advertising to reach a larger clientele. As the conclusion, the main objective of risk management is to protect the property, earnings and personnel of the organisation against losses and legal liabilities that may be incurred due to various risks. It minimises cost of the risk and maximises the pro ¬Ã‚ tability. The accidental risks may not only result in unexpected costs to a company but threaten its survival altogether. Thus, it is essential for the management to do some exercise to know about the possibility of a risk event, sources of such event and impact of such event beforehand and consider ways and means of preventing, reducing or minimising the loss . Terms of Reference This report is about the research on issue that relates to Risk Management in Construction Company. The research is focusing on Industrial Construction Company. The report about the research was requested by Miss Kwan Jing Hui. This report is prepared by five students undergoing the subject Corporate Risk Management in Multimedia University Cyberjaya who is Erda Nurakma Binti Zharani, Muhammad Adi Arzri Arshad, Thania Nasiha Md Shariam, Nurul Farahin Husin, Tiara Citra and Nur Atiqah binti Adam. We will like acknowledge Ziestech Company because the cooperation that they have been given to us in the process of completing this assignment. This report is submitted on 16 January 2013. Methods In this report about Risk Management in Construction Company, we are using two methods using the primary data and secondary data. The primary data is based on the interview that we have done based on an industrial construction company that we have chosen for more understanding in the research. The company that we have chosen is the Ziestech Company where we trying to get more information to support our research. We create a short questionnaire to understand more about the risk management of the company. On the other hand, we are doing our research also using the secondary data where we found some journals and other sources that can be helpful to support our purpose in completing this report. Findings Based on Research : Risk Management on Construction Company Risk Management in Construction Industry Risk in construction project is highly related to type of risks that may delay the performance of the project itself. In order to eliminate risks, in construction project should have effective risk management as mentioned by Lee Chun Siang and Azlan Shah Ali (2012). Effectiveness of risk management basically depends on how the project leader identifies and construct anticipation actions to risk that may occur during the life cycle of construction project. In addition, risk have to be analysed and listed out throughout project life cycle, otherwise poor risk management would affect in low performance of project. Refer to effective risk management, it enables to determine assessment of project risk, as well as control potential barrier to the success of the project completion. Construction projects value sometimes reflects to its risk management. Variable risks that related to construction project make it different from other industry. Its due to various variables such as engineering, procurement, technical (The Association of Project Management, 2000). In Malaysia, construction risk management has not been a priority and shows bad reputation based on Hamimah Adnan et al (2008). An attitude from contractor that attend to make simple project, fast process and less expensive methods while they identify risks. Even though in construction industry, its projects might be different from project to project, thats why risk identification also might be different. For the project leader, personal experiences, training speciality on risk management would be needed. However, Norazian Mohd Yusuwan (2008) found that Malaysian Construction Company is not paying much attention on reporting, reviewing and monitoring its risk management activity and still consider unfamiliar method among Malaysian Construction Company. Limited knowledge for risk management in construction project again related to limited budget and they found it will only add for operational cost of project. There is different treatment related to risk management that based on size o f Construction Company. Most of companies that is stable in financial status, well known in public, and hold a big construction project that will have formal risk management. Relationship Between Risk Management And Project Performance Maintain good performance during the project activity in construction will result in less risky for the project and closer to its successful. However, if happen to have failure in risk management it will cause increase in operational financial cost, capital structure amendment, delaying for building activity, overrun budget / higher risk in insolvency, lost in cash inflow, bad quality for final product possible to redo work after completion and many more (Sundararajan 2004). Various potential factors in construction project activity according to Flanagan and Norman, 1993; Akintoye and MacLeod, 1997; Smith, 2003, there are long period, complicated processes, abominable environment, financial intensity and dynamic organization structures. These variables of risk management hold important rule and reflects how the projects performance will be. Researchers found construction project performance determinations can be concluded to cost, time and safety (Chen et al., 2000; Shen, 1997; Tam et al., 2004). People Involve in Construction Project According to one of construction insurance for the Construction Design Management (CDM) 2007, players who involved in construction projects are clients, CDM co-ordinator, designers, principal contractors, contractors and workers. Property developer, and company who has construction project consider as clients. CDM co-ordinator will be chosen to lead the project and as advisor on health and safety issues during project time. Next is designers such as engineers and architects who prepared for building drawings in and out. Person in charge to plan, manage and co-ordinate health safety while project is happening will be the principal contractors. Contractors are people who involved in business construction i.e. civil engineering, mechanical, electrical, demotion maintenance companies. Lastly, workers are anyone who directly carries out the work during project construction, i.e. plumber, electrician and scaffolder. Risk Faced By Construction Industry There is no line item on a construction companys income statement titled Cost of Risk, but this is actually one of the industrys largest and most volatile expense items. Some construction companies pay 5 per cent or more of their gross income for risk related costs. In an industry with tight profit margins, effectively managing risk can sometimes make the difference between making a profit or not, and in some cases, the survival of the business. There are many kinds of risks faced by a construction company. One of the examples is economy slowdown. Recessions usually happen where there is a widespread drop in spending. Recession can give a very big impact to construction companies. This may be triggered by various events, such as a financial crisis, and external trade shock, and adverse supply shock or the bursting of an economic bubble. The other risk face by Construction Company is increasing competition, where, economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. Economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The other factor is that increasing in population can get same ideas or product from different people. The same construction will increase in competition such as quality, price, quantity and etc. The other risk the construction company faced is regulatory or legislative changes. Regulatory changes are controls imposed on a company by an authority (usually the government) that generally restricts the natural direction in which the company is moving. Legislative Authority or the power to make laws at the Federal level is vested in the Parliament, which comprises the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Other than that, Construction Company also facing the risk of injuries to the workers. Occupational injury rates among construction workers are the highest among the major industries. While several injury control strategies have been proposed by various organisations, their effectiveness for reducing the rate of injuries in the construction industry remains uncertain. Cash flow risks also one of risk that Construction Company faced. Some companys available cash will not be sufficient to meet its financial obligations. That is because of the any mismatch asset or quality in the constructions. In construction site, managing the work in time is necessary to avoid any delays and for the companys and investors good. However, employees sometimes forget to put safety first, by doing short cut and due to this result in accidents. Examples of common fatal accidents are falling from fragile roofs, ladders scaffolds, being stuck by excavators, lift trucks, collapsing structures. https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/j8IikJzDRP7KvSYHgn8FVcLGb40uxe1QwXN1EVR8Xp8ktrZEejeGb4yFSUlSxhxT9_H32_uziQYf3fnfEDjQiFSLZ8OetFhOBINTQuGVSJ4PoJCcWsM Based on reported data below from Malaysia Ministry of Human Resource period 1994-2008, major accidents caused in construction held the fifth position on last 2008. Numbers of accidents finally had decreased in 2008 as its lowest number within 12 years. Scope of Policy and Coverage in Construction Industry For purpose of this assignment, we will touched on the two types of risks faced by construction companies, that is, third party liability claims and injuries to workers and on how the insurance policy works to minimized possible monetary loss to the company. Third party liability claims can be in two forms, amongst others:- Claims made by the party whom have awarded the contract to the construction company. It can be a government or private company contract. One of the conditions in the contract agreement will be that the contractor must issue a performance bond to the awarder. Performance bond, normally in the form of an insurance policy gives an undertaking to the awarder of the contract that they will pay the amount stated in the policy in the case that the contractor fails to complete the contract or breached the specifications of the contract. In Malaysia, performance bond is normally within the range of 2.5% to 5% of the contract value. The other type of a third party claims is where claims made by a third party be it an individual or a company to the contractor due the suffering incurred by them which arise from the contract implementation, for example, damages to their property, sound pollution and also loss of earnings. There is normally no specific percentage on the coverage. However, it will be decided by the contractor base on his assumption on possibility and probability of its happening by looking at the nature of the job. Referring to Department of Occupational Safety Healthy Malaysian, below are Occupational Acts summary: Factories and Machinery Act 1967. 2. Employees Social Security Act 1969. 3. Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994. 4. Occupational Safety and Health (employers safety and health general policy statements) (Exception) Regulations 1995. 5.   Occupational Safety and Health (control   of   industrial major accident hazards) Regulations 1996. 6.   Occupational Safety and Health (safety   and   health committee) Regulations 1996. 7.   Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Packaging and Labeling of Hazardous   Chemicals) Regulations 1997. 8. Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000. 9.   Occupational Safety and Health (Notification of Accident, Dangerous Occurrence, Occupational Poisoning and Occupational Disease) Regulations 2004-NADOOPOD. Relation to current practice in Construction Industry in Malaysia Construction industry indeed one of the highest accident occur not only Malaysia but all over the world. Construction is one of the valuable asset to our nation since it brings Malaysia through the world by the recognizance of our building such as Petronas Twin Towers which is one of the highest building in the world, Kuala Lumpur International Airport, and Formula One Sepang circuit. This construction is an important part of our economy; it helps our economy by attracting the investors to invest in our country. News reported that incidence of injuries and fatalities rates are high in Malaysia. The company may lose their valuable employees if this frequently occurs. Employers responsibility to ensure the health, safety and welfare of their employee The quote of safety first is a common quote that used to ensure that every employee aware of their safety while working. There are several or awareness that have been given to ensure the health, safety and welfare of their employee. This is to ensure the company will be able to complete their project on time. When one of their employees injured while performing their work, it is considered as a liability for their company causing their work in progress slowing down. The amount spending for the purpose of safety is beneficial as the consequences are the company would enjoy an effective safety than suffering with the cost. There are several current practices to reduce the risk of accident. There are several effects that the company can get when they ensure the health, safety and welfare of their employee. This can be seen by the company can reduce the accidental cost, when they doesnt have to pay huge amount of money to pay for their employee if accident occur at their working place. The company will enhance the image of company by showing that their company is aware of their employees and following the rules of (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series) OHSAS 18001. The company also can increase their business opportunity which can be seen when their workers are efficient to finish their project on time. Increase overall profit of project were also the benefit of ensure the safety and health of workers this can be seen when theres no accident occur on their employee, the workers operation run smoothly and employer doesnt have to pay more on accident and get more profit instead. Companies can refer to the authority such as Department of Safety and Health (DOSH), National Council of Occupational Safety and Health (NCOSH), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) and Local authority about the safeness. Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) For example like Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) under the government was established by Act 520 of Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia Act 1994 in July 1994 as a statutory body under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Works Malaysia, with CIDB they offered a provide training for the construction companies. The board ensures the company with the responsibility of coordinating the needs and wants of the construction industry, planning the direction of the Malaysias construction industry, addressing the pertinent issue and problems faced by the construction industry, making recommendation in the formulation of policies for the construction industry Department of Safety and Health (DOSH) The board will ensure that their customer would be provided sufficient information on safety and health. Their responsibility are responsibility of administrating and enforcing related to occupational safety and health to ensure that safety, health and welfare of people at work as well as others are protected from hazards resulting from occupational activities in the various sectors which include manufacturing; mining and quarrying; construction; agriculture, forestry and fishing; utilities (gas, electricity, water and sanitary services); transport, storage and communication; wholesale and retail trades; hotels and restaurants; finance, insurance, real estate and business services; public services and statutory authorities. National Council of Occupational Safety and Health (NCOSH) The board was established under Section 8 of Occupational Safety and Health which is their responsibility is to Investigate and make report and also to recommend to the Minister any matters whatsoever related to the objectives of OSHA. To amend or make any change deem necessary for legislations of OSHA. To improve administration and enforcement of OSH legislation. To foster cooperative consultation relationship between management and workers with regards to OSH and well-being of workers. To resolve any particular problems related with OSH and well-being of workers consist of women, handicapped and other group of people in the society. To formulate adequate methods and procedures of controls at workplace for chemical industry. To analyze statistics related to occupational fatality and injury which happen at workplace To provide facilities for health care a workplace. To foster development plans and public acceptance of good industrial codes of practices related to OSH. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) The board main vision is to be the Leading Centre of Excellence in Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSHs responsibility is providing training; consultation services inseminate information and conduct research and development to employees, employers and those responsible, either directly or indirectly in the field of occupational safety and health. Example of companies following the health and safety management guidelines Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSH-MS) guidelines promotes a safe and healthy working environment by providing a framework that helps organizations to consistently identify and control health and safety risks, reduce the potential for accidents, aid legislative compliance, and improve overall performance. Sime Darby Engineering Sdn Bhd, oil and gas construction industry which practiced the OSH guidelines they are fully concern on the safety health and environment. This company is certified by ISO 9001 OHSAS 18001 and others. Their main objective is to establish a safety and health committee to upgrade the level of occupational safety and health in their company. They are committed to comply with all relevant environmental, safety and health legislation, prevent pollution and accidents, minimize usage of hazardous materials, chemicals and gases, and minimize release of pollutants to air, water and land. , reduce consumption of natural resources., reduce, reuse and recycle of waste, promote environmental, safety and health awareness to all employees, clients, sub-contractors, suppliers and visitors Sustainable Construction practices in Malaysia Several efforts has been given to the construction industry which it lead several changes. Construction waste causes environmental problem towards Malaysia such as water pollution, environmental pollution and others. The concern toward environment has been given only less attention before this however with the increasing awareness of global environment has lead the construction to increase the protection and sustainable towards our environment. This practice may lead to the structure which will enhance our lifes quality, protect the environment and at the same time maintaining a balance between growth in economy and preserving the natural resources and ecosystem. Problems in current practice of Malaysian Construction Industry Malaysian construction industry depends heavily on unskilled foreign labor worker as they considered as cheap, widely available and flexible. Majority of construction industry choosing this way as this might lead to a problem such as insufficient, slow and labor intensive. Growth of policy in Insurance Market of Construction Company Based on daily routine of a firm activity, they might encounter numerous kind of risk on during performing their job. The risk can be predicted before it might actually happen but the firm cant assume that all risk can be eliminated. Thus it comes to consideration of firm to have a proper way to manage their risk. There are three main insurances coverage in todays construction industry, which are: Contractors All Risk Insurance. Contractors All Risk insurance is precisely designed for the purpose of managing risk against any loss and damage during the construction work takes place. This kind of insurance covers any loss related to works, construction plant and any damage arising from the construction process. It a simpler word, this type of insurance policy helps to manage against unforeseen and accidental physical loss or any damage happens to the property during the period of insurance. Contractors all risk Insurance is best to cover all works executed by the contractor whether it is temporary type of work or construction type of work that takes a longer period to accomplish. The basic Contractors All Risk insurance gives protection coverage whether under construction period or maintenance period against: Material damage during the work under construction Loss and damage towards contractors machinery, plant and equipment. Loss and damage on principals existing property. Third party property damage or any bodily injury happens during the contract of work. The insured parties include the principal, main contractor and the sub-contractor. Examples of types of construction project that can be insured under Contractors All Risk Policy are: Civil works such as dams, power plants. General building construction such as industrial, halls, stadiums and residential. Towers, silos Railway line, roads, tunnels, bridges. Electrical equipment installation. Other miscellaneous work. Bonds / Insurance Guarantee. Bonds are widely being used and almost every interaction between inter-personal and inter-corporation use it to guarantee the project accomplishment. The insurance company actually works as a middle person between the two parties because the fact that insurance companies are financial institutions. Thus interference of insurance companies in bonding businesses can generate other type of business such as Contractors All Risk, Public Liability and Workmens Compensation policies. There are few features of bonds, which are; Once bonds are given, it cant be cancelled until its expiry date. Most of government project demand bonds and are worded, thus bond need to be issued by the contractors to satisfy the requirement of tender. Furthermore the demand of bond in such way enables the ability to invoke the bond by the holder without any reason and explanation. Any demand nevertheless any dispute or protest by the insurer, contractor or any third party needs to be settled by the insurer. Workmens Compensation Insurance This policy is being design to give protection for any employee insured against injury, accident or any disease caused from the employment. The employer is the one who need to pay such compensation based on the law set up in the schedule of the policy and common law. Demand for workmens compensation insurance usually comes from: Contractors who are required to have insurance under the requirement of contract with the Principal. Employers that are having foreign workers which are not eligible to contribute to SOCSO but because of (a) above, they usually include these workers in their insurance based on the wage roll of 15% of total contract value. The employer or their sub-contractor should also take note that they are also required to be under the provision of the Workmens Compensation. Findings Based on Interview : Risk Management on Construction Company In this part of findings, we refer to an industrial construction company that has been involved in this industry for a long time. Ziestech Enterprise has been kindly to provide the information needed about their risk management. The company located in Kulim Kedah. Basically, they are an electrical industrial construction company that offer customer electronic and air conditioner service. The manager, Mr Arshad Bin Tasselim has been exposed to us the risk management that company has applied for the workers and business. Ziestech Enterprise is a company that can be categorized as industrial construction. The company has been in the industry almost 10 years. Ziestech Enterprise has been humble in the industry where they have started small then eventually they had grown to become a very successful electrical industrial construction company. Based on our interview session with Mr Arshad, he explains that the company is very high skilled in electrical and wiring for the industrial construction where they have the ability to involve their business in handling heavy electrical job. Furthermore, to perform this kind of task, the company require a very special certificate such as Wireman from Suruhanjaya Tenaga Malaysia. As an electrical construction company, Mr Arshad is aware that their company is facing a very high risk especially the workers safety. The operational task is related with electrical usage and appliances, where they might face the risk of having accident, loss, damage or injury during the construction works takes place. The industrial task is far more dangerous because the workers are exposed to a very high voltage. Mr Arshad explains more about the usage of electrical equipment that has been used in industrial works where it involves with 240V to 450V. Workers that involved in this kind of job, they will be supervised by the expertise that has been hired by the company. Mr Arshad is very aware with the risk that their facing every working day. Ziestech Enterprise is well prepared in managing the risk and decided to buy some of the insurance policies that can reduce the level of riskiness in performing the task. Mr Arshad explains more about the loss and damage during the construction work for example damage to machinery,plant or third party damage that has been insured by Contractors All Risk. The company also concern about the workers that may injured and accident during performing tasks where they pay for Workmens Compensation to insure the employee. Risk management is very beneficial for the company and the current insurance coverage satisfy the needs for the Ziestech Enterprise. Conclusion Risk Management in Construction Industry can be very beneficial to the companies that are applying this because the internal organizations such as staff, supervisors, middle and senior management have a heightened awareness of risks within their work environment. In addition, risk can be identified, assessed and controlled in accordance with the legislative requirements of OHS Act. Besides that, risk management becomes a part of the organizational corporate culture. It reduces the severity of an accident results in an associated reduction in pain and suffering. Moreover, risk management also reduce in the severity and incidence of workers compensation claims, leading to a reduction in associated and hidden costs (such as loss of staff morale, loss productivity, etc.). To conclude, it is a known fact that risk management is a very important tool to be applied by companies in order to ensure their survival. Both the contractor and the insurance company try their level best to reduce their own risks. Wrong judgment may be a fatal blow on the survival of the company. Recommendation The construction industry is a vehicle

Polypharmacy Among the Elderly :: Health Care

Polypharmacy among the elderly is a growing concern in U.S. healthcare system. Elderly who have comorbities and take multiple medications are at a higher risk for potential adverse drug reactions. Elderly who take over-the-counter medications, herbs, and supplements without consulting their physician are at risk for adverse reactions associated with polypharmacy. Polypharmacy can result from patients having multiple prescribers and pharmacies, and patients who continue to take medications which have been discontinued by the physician. There is a great need for nursing interventions regarding polypharmacy, including medication reviews also known as â€Å"brown bag†. As nurses obtain history data and conduct a patient assessment, it is essential to review the patients’ medications and ask open-ended questions regarding all types of medications in which the patient is taking. In addition, the patient assessment is also an opportunity for the nurse to inquire about an y adverse reactions the patient may be experiencing resulting from medications. Nurses are in a unique position to provide early detection and intervention for potentially inappropriate medications and its associated adverse drug reactions. Project Purpose PICO Question: Among the elderly patients receiving care at Cary Medical Center on Med/Surg, who are currently taking multiple medications due to comorbidities, would reviewing medications at each provider visit reduce polypharmacy and its associated adverse reactions? Currently, through observations and clinical experience on Med/Surg at Cary Medical Center, medication is administered by the nurse. Nurses are responsible and accountable for administrating medications to patients. Patient medication education is conducted by the nurse. Medication education includes informing the patient the reason for the medication, when and how long to take the medication, drug interactions, and importance of checking with primary care provider prior to taking any over-the-counter or herbal products. If the nurse is unfamiliar with a certain medication, a drug book is available for the nurse to utilize and gain knowledge regarding the drug use, action, adverse reaction, and contraindications. Method used to conduct ROL A search for current peer reviewed research studies was conducted using CINAHL, Medline, and PubMed. The research articles were generated by utilizing the search entry with the terms of polypharmacy, polypharmacy among the elderly, adverse drug reactions and polypharmacy, and consequences and polypharmacy. After receiving a few research articles, a new search was conducted replacing the term of polypharmacy with multiple medications. These searches yielded limited research articles pertaining to the topic of polypharmacy.

History, The Bourgeoisie, The Proletariat, and Communism Essay

Karl Marx begins the first chapter of his The Communist Manifesto with the opening line: â€Å"The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggles† (ch. 1). Underlying all of history is this fundamental economic theme, that each society has its own economic structure which breeds different classes—â€Å"a manifold gradation of social rank,† he calls it (ch. 1). These classes inevitably becomes in conflict with each other—that because of their economic structure, some class becomes the oppressors while others become the oppressed. He argued that the oppressors and oppressed â€Å"stood in constant opposition to one another†¦ on an uninterrupted†¦ fight†¦ that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes† (ch. 1). He described his time as a struggle between two classes: the Bourgeoisie and the Ploretariat. Marx claims that the modern bourgeois society of his time has not helped to remove, although have simplified, clash antagonisms, but had, instead, â€Å"established new classes, new conditions of oppression, [and] new forms of struggle in place of the old ones† (ch. 1). He saw the bourgeoisie as a â€Å"product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange,† and that each step of its development â€Å"was accompanied by a corresponding political advance† (ch. 1). He claims that the â€Å"executive of the modern State is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie,† that it â€Å"cannot exist without constantly revolutionising the instruments of production, and thereby the relations of production, and with them the whole relations of society† (ch. 1). He said that it has torn the â€Å"feudal ties that bound men to his ‘natural superiors,’ and has left no other nexus between man and man than naked self-interest† (ch. 1). He goes on to explain that the bourgeoisie draws all nation into civilization with all the rapid improvements of production and by the immensely facilitated means of communication. However, he claims that they create â€Å"a world after its own image,† that is, for all nations to adopt the bourgeois mode of production. The bougeiosie, according to Marx, has â€Å"created enormous cities, has greatly increased the urban population as compared with the rural, and has thus rescued a considerable part of the population from the idiocy of rural life† but that it has also â€Å"concentrated property in a few hands† (ch. 1). He argued that â€Å"for many a decade past the history of industry and commerce is but the history of the revolt of modern productive forces against modern conditions of production, against the property relations that are the conditions for the existence of the bourgeoisie and of its rule† (ch. 1). At the end, he states that â€Å"its existence is no longer compatible with society† and is unfit to be the ruling class of society since â€Å"it is incompetent to assure an existence to its slave within his slavery† (ch. 1). The proletarians, on the other hand, are, during Marx’s time, the modern working class—â€Å"a class of labourers, who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only so long as their labour increases capital† (Marx ch. 1). Marx claims that the proletarians lost its individual character and charm because of the extensive use of machinery and of the division of labour. They have become an â€Å"appendage of the machines. † He said that lobourers are commodities which are â€Å"expensive to use† but are exploited by the bougeoisie. Marx explains that the proletariat began its struggle as soon as this class was created, at first as an induvidual struggle of the laborer, and later groups of workers. Workers before were still disorganized, divided by goegraphy and by competition with one another. Marx claims that when workers first formed unions, they did so under the influence of the bourgeois and served to further the objectives of the bourgeoisie. The distinction between workers was obliterated due to the wages being reduced to low level. As the proletariat increased in numbers and concentrated in greater mass by forming Trade Unions, they also increased in strenght and local struggles were centralized into one national struggle between classes. Marx further explains that â€Å"the proletariat alone is a really revolutionary class,† that other classes are conservatives or reactionary that fight against the bourgeoisie in order to â€Å"save from extinction their existence as fractions of the middle class† (ch. 1). Because proletarians have nothing of their own to secure, Marx claims that their mission is â€Å"to destroy all previous securities for, and insurances of, individual property† (ch. 1). The proletarian movement, Marx further explains, â€Å"is the self-concious, independent movement of the immense majority, in the interest of the immense majority† (ch. 1). Marx explains that the Communist Party points out and addresses the common interests of the entire proletariat, in their national struggles in different countries, independent of nationality, and represents the interests of the working class in the various stages of development it has to pass through from the struggle against the bourgeoisie. The Communist Party, therefore, still according to Marx, is the most advanced, resolute section â€Å"of the working-class of every country, that section which pushes forward all others† (ch. 2). It has the same aim as that of all the other proletarian parties, which is to overthrow the bourgeois supremacy and to seek its own political power. Marx goes on to explain that the abolition of existing property relations is not a distinctive feature of Communism, that the feature of Communism is not the abolition of property in general, but the abolition of the bourgeois property, which is, according to him, â€Å"the final and most complete expression of the system of producing and appropriating products† (Marx ch. 2). Simply put, Marx states that Communism is a struggle that aims for the â€Å"abolition of private property. † Communism would like to abolish the conception that the labourer merely lives to increase capital, and is allowed only to live insofar as the interest of the ruling class requires it; that labour is meant to widen, enrich and promote the existence of the labourer is what the Communism is fighting for. Communism is, in a way, a struggle of the lower strata of the society against the upper strata. However, it is not a personal struggle of the poor against the rich, it is a societal and political struggle for equality of appropriation of property. Marx explains that â€Å"Communism deprives no man of the power to appropriate the products of society; all that it does is to deprive him of the power to subjugate the labour of others by means of such appropriation† (ch. 2). With its teachings and goals, labour groups and lower working class would have found The Communist Manifesto appealing. The Capitalists, of course, would not have found it appealing, as the manifesto seeks to destroy their current stature and their self-interest would be compromized. On the other hand, Communism would seek to empower labour groups and they would find it all to their advantage to support its cause. The Industrial Revolution has created a majority lower class workers, many of whom lived in poverty under terrible working conditions. The Communist Manifesto calls on all labourers to unite, promising them a better life sprouting from a better world.

Malvolio character assessment Essay Example

Malvolio character assessment Essay Example Malvolio character assessment Paper Malvolio character assessment Paper Essay Topic: Literature Malvolio shows a lot of arrogance in this act because he believes everything revolves around him, for example, M. O. A. I. This is because he scrambles around the letters like an anagram to form some of the letters of his name in the correct order. This also shows that he self-obsessed and ignorant as this letter was written in what looked like Olivias writing so he was sure that it must have had something to do with him even though it had no proper signature and it may have had nothing to do with him at all. Malvolio as a steward is a spoil-sport as he stops Sir Toby, Sir Andrew and Feste from eating drinking, coming in late and last but not least enjoying themselves with songs and jokes. He does not enjoy fun as such, as he says in a sarcastic tone of voice this is much credit to you, when they sing a song about him. He is a bit of a boaster, to be Count Malvolio. This shows that he boasts about his position in the house as if it were higher than it actually is. Lastly he also believes that Olivia loves him and will marry him as he says that, the Lady of the Strachy married the yeoman of the wardrobe. By this he is implying that he likes Olivia and his mock-grandiose manner becomes clear in this scene. Maria accurately notes that Malvolio cons State without book, meaning that he uses high-flown language without necessarily knowing its proper meaning. Malvolio resorts to legalistic-type language when berating the group for their merry-making. He notes their lack of mitigation or remorse in their misdemeanours. Likely, Malvolio is not acting of Olivias will, as he claims to be, he is such a high-strung and officious character that his chastisement of the party is not out of the range of his ordinary behaviour. Malvolio is very much the puritan, as the party well knows, he dislikes parties, drinking, merriment of all sorts, and Sir Toby, Maria, Feste, and Sir Andrew openly resent Malvolio trying to put a damper on their high spirits. Although some of the groups dislike of Malvolio stems from his kill-joy behaviour, their characterisation of him, as overly proud, puritan, and meddling is correct in most respects. Maria tries to get them to be quiet, but Malvolio is awakened by the noise, and comes down to berate them for disturbing the household. Once Malvolio leaves, Maria concocts a plan to make Malvolio look like a complete fool: since Marias handwriting is similar to Olivias, she will write love letters to Malvolio and make it look like the letters have come from Olivia. The party decides to try this out and see if it will work. His soaring high opinion of himself allows him to believe what he wants to, because of this he misunderstands everything Olivia says. When she instructs him to go to bed to sleep off his madness he believes she means to go to bed with her, Ill come to thee. Olivia shows concern for her loyal servant and asks for special care of her fellow. He also takes these words the wrong way and launches into a great speech about how she recognises him as her social equal and fellow. The scheme has succeeded to make Malvolio look completely foolish but the tricksters then begin to take things a little too far when they accuse him of being possessed. When Olivia departs the trick is rendered a success as Malvolio hath taken the infection of the device and fallen for it. The audience is reminded of Malvolios snobbishness, go off, I discard you. This only encourages the kinsmen and servants pretend they believe he is a lunatic, possessed by the devil, bewitched and attempt to convince Malvolio himself that he is mad, defy the devil. They wind him up and pretend to be concerned by calling him childishly affectionate names like chuck and biddy. Malvolio senses that they are ridiculing him, and getting annoyed he almost stoops to their element by telling them to be proud about all aspects of himself, to such an extent that he is greatly bordering on superciliousness. Overall, with taking into consideration the negative and truly objectionable aspects of Malvolio, it can be seen that he does in fact need to be taught a lesson about the downfalls of his disdainful ways. The fact that he is so totally self-satisfied, means that convincing him of anothers love (i. e. Olivias) is easy to achieve. The letter written by Maria in Olivias hand refers subliminally to each of Malvolios character weaknesses and consequently ensures that he is fooled by its meanings. His vanity and value of appearance are both fed by the order to wear: Yellow stockings ever cross gartered. While his lack of humour and proposing his puritan lifestyle is his vanity. He also takes pride in his physical appearance should she fancy, it would be one of my completion which tells us that he thinks he is a person who is admired; he is generally happy with himself. When all of this adds up it can be seen he needs to be taught a lesson. The revenge take the form of letter written by Maria in her ladys hand, convinces Malvolio that Olivia loves him. The letter also says that if he wishes to be with Olivia that he is to smile and wear yellow stockings, which are cross gartered. Now if we look at the play we see why this was a very clever trick, Countess Olivia had just lost her brother and he used to wear yellow stockings. For example, in Malvolios fantasies, and sometimes separate from their clothing as Orsino finds himself becoming increasingly closer to Cesario. Malvolio not only disguises himself on the outside, but at the same time he is asked to disguise his personality by coming before her smiling. Olivia is still in mourning at this stage for her brother and father, thus making his smiles even more out of place and bizarre to her. Maria flatters him in the letter by saying thy smiles become thee well. This personality may be a disguise, although it may also be Malvolios true character that he has been forced to oppress because of his situation in the house and status in society. The new-found confidence he is given in receiving this letter maybe instead of asking him to change his personality, is really letting him show his true self that he has been hiding behind a front of hostility. Malvolio may have been masking himself previously, and now he is given the chance to remove this guise. Maria also orders him to be surly to the servants and opposite with a kinsman. Olivias kinsman is Sir Toby, so Malvolio takes this to mean that he is free to be rude and disrespectful of him, and thinks that Olivia wants him to do this to show his love for her. This is likely to only make her dislike him more- the point of Marias plan. The rest of the crew are hiding in the box tree and listening to every word he is saying about them. This does not encourage them to be lenient with Malvolio. After witnessing Malvolios egoistic fantasies, we can see why he is so easily duped by Marias letter. Ironically the man who once put down the clown (Feste) is now becoming the clown himself as he reads out coarse puns: These be her very Cs, her Us and her Ts; and thus makes her great Ps. Malvolio is convinced that Olivia is deeply in love with him but doesnt know how to tell him. In the letter Maria makes Malvolio believe that Olivia is asking him to wear yellow stockings as a sign that he loves her, a style which she in fact detests. Even though these items are not usually included in Malvolios sombre attire he is desperate to please the countess: I will be strange, stout, in yellow stockings and cross-gartered, even with the swiftness of putting on. Jove and my stars be praised! We must remember that Malvolio is still a Puritan who does not believe in love and happiness. He therefore convinces himself that it is the work of Jove that has brought this occurrence about.

Learn the Spanish Abbreviations You Should Know

Learn the Spanish Abbreviations You Should Know Spanish has dozens of abbreviations, and theyre common in both formal and informal writing. Differences Between Abbreviations in English and Spanish Unlike in English, where most abbreviations are capitalized, many Spanish abbreviations are not. Generally, abbreviations that are capitalized are personal titles (such as Sr. and Dr., even though the words themselves are not capitalized when spelled out) and those derived from proper nouns. But there are exceptions. Note also that, as in English, some abbreviations are used with or without periods varying with the style of writer or publication. The points of the compass usually arent abbreviated in running text. List of Spanish Abbreviations Here are the most common Spanish abbreviations. This list is far from complete, as Spanish has hundreds of abbreviations. Among those not listed here are those that are common in only one country, including acronyms for government agencies such as JUJEM for Junta de Jefes del Estado Mayor, the Spanish Joint Chiefs of Staff. This list shows the Spanish abbreviation in boldface, the Spanish meaning and the corresponding English abbreviation or translation. A/A - a la atencià ³n - to the attentiona.C., a. de C., a.J.C., a. de J.C. - antes de Cristo, antes de Jesucristo - B.C. (before Christ), BCE (before Common Era)a. m. - antes del mediodà ­a - a.m. (before noon)apdo. - apartado postal - P.O. Boxaprox. - aproximadamente - approximatelyAv., Avda. - avenida - Ave. (avenue, in addresses)Bs. As. - Buenos Aires - Buenos Airescap.o - capà ­tulo - chapterc.c. - centà ­metros cà ºbicos - c.c. (cubic centimeters)Cà ­a - compaà ±Ãƒ ­a - Co. (company)cm - centà ­metros - cm. (centimeters)c/u - cada uno - apieceD. - don - SirDa. - doà ±a - Madamd.C., d. de C., d.J.C., d. de J.C. - despuà ©s de Cristo, despuà ©s de Jesucristo - A.D. (anno domini), CE (Common Era)dna. - docena - dozenDr., Dra. - doctor, doctora - Dr.E - este (punto cardinal) - E (east)EE. UU. - Estados Unidos - U.S.esq. - esquina - street corneretc. - etcà ©tera - etc.f.c., F.C. - ferrocarril - R.R. (railroad)FF. AA. - fuerzas armadas - armed forcesGob. - gobierno - Gov.Gral. - general - Gen. (military title)h. - hora - hour Ing. - ingeniero - engineerkg - kilogramos - kg (kilograms)km/h - kilà ³metros por hora - kilometers per hourl - litros - litersLic. - licenciado - attorneym - metros - metersmm - milà ­metros - millimetersm.n. - moneda nacional - sometimes used to distinguish the national currency from others, especially in areas used by foreign touristsms. - manuscrito - manuscriptN - norte - N (north)no., nà ºm. - nà ºmero - No. (number)O - oeste - W (west)OEA - Organizacià ³n de Estados Americanos - OAS (Organization of American States)ONU - Organizacià ³n de Naciones Unidas - UN (United Nations)OTAN - La Organizacià ³n del Tratado Atlntico Norte - NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)pg. - pgina - pageP.D. - postdata - P.S.Pdte., Pdta. - presidente (masculine), presidenta (feminine) - presidentp.ej. - por ejemplo - e.g. (for example)p. m. - post meridien - p.m. (after noon)Prof, Profa. - profesor, profesora - Professorq.e.p.d. - que en paz de scanse - R.I.P. (rest in peace)S - sur - S (south)S.A. - Sociedad Anà ³nima - Inc. S.L. - Sociedad Limitada - Ltd.Sr. - seà ±or - Mr.Sra. - seà ±ora - Mrs., Ms.Srta. - seà ±orita - Miss, Ms.s.s.s. - su seguro servidor - your faithful servant (used as a closing in correspondence)tel. - telà ©fono - telephoneUd., Vd., Uds., Vds. - usted, ustedes - youv. - và ©ase - go seevol. - volumen - vol. (volume)W.C. - water closet - bathroom, toilet Abbreviations for Ordinal Numbers Just as in English we might use a spelling such as 5th for fifth, Spanish speakers often abbreviate ordinal  numbers using the numerals themselves. A big difference in Spanish is that the abbreviations vary with gender. For example, octavo (eighth) is written as 8o if its masculine and 8a if its feminine. Such forms arent common for numbers above 10. Note that in masculine forms a superscripted zero is used rather than a degree symbol.